Abrasive Waterjet Cutting

Water jet technology is the rapid rise of nearly three decades of new technologies. It should recognize the abrasive fibre disc  role originated in the water erosion tl], and then applied to the mining industry, with the promotion of the technology, it is recognized that increasing water pressure can significantly improve the mining results, so people began to study the high-pressure water jet technology. To the upper end of the 1970s, the emergence of a new water jet technology steering, ie steering jet pressure increased from a single study how to improve and play water jet power, began to appear abrasive jet, pulse jet (water cannons), high temperature jet and swing Zhen jet. Into the 1980s, the abrasive water jet cavitation jet, water jet abrasive flap disc  and rotary gas jet further development of the high-pressure water jet technology to a new stage. High precision abrasive water jet can cut a variety of materials, and does not produce heat distortion, no residual thermal stress, has been in the industry application, it is with a laser beam, electron beam and plasma cutting, collectively known as the four high-tech modern industrial cutting . This century, has developed a 800 water  Mounted flap wheel jet cutting machine, it is not only more than one abrasive jet cutting machine structure is simple, and its cutting precision, depth, speed has greatly improved 121. 2 abrasive water jet cutting system and the principle of abrasive water jet cutting system (Figure l) consists of the following components: Alexandra 'sound' Chu Abstract aid for co-published with the full-system at a tank 2,12 Search Pu twisted three cooling Xiang Li recruit four oil electric seek pair 6 W 7 unidirectional flow Yun Lu Zi commutated electric doors, supercharger can either recruit 1 ot 11 water tank 14 switch Wu x3 width l two suction head

Bevel cutting machine

According to the traditional technology, production welding elbow, the first use of thin metal or cardboard to make an expanded model, and then the model Yi cover plate or tube, and draw the Bonded abrasives  cut line, then cutting stock, the last group, welding forming . This method of production Elbow time consuming and expensive materials, but also crossed and hand-cut margin of error, it is difficult to guarantee the quality of the workpiece. To this end, we have developed an elbow bevel cutting machine. 1 works a cross-M-M intersects the tube, with the angle of the axis O-O a, cut along the cross section, will be one of the Node B 18 of rotation, A, and B can be composed of two bends. shown in Figure 1. Rotary elbow angle. Mouth cut, two. Machine  non woven flap wheel shown in Figure 2. It consists of eight torch, cutting disc 12 can be transferred, 'angle control panel 13, T-bolts 14. Clamping seat 16 and the V-shaped block 17 and other components. Angle control disk 13, and can be transferred between the cutting disc 12 with three T-bolt 14 is fixed. Being able to rotate the cross-section tube bevel bevel cut with  portable belt a cross section two. (2) use of high cutting distance determined, until the cutting. Temporary "cutting, hand rotating cutting disk 12, should always observe the torch flame vary between 8 Nicked uniform motion. Cutting is nearing completion, the person standing on the side to prevent the cutting section fall injury. Rotary elbow bevel cutting machine production should pay attention to the angle control panel 13 and the rotatable disc 12 the distance between the cutting should not be too large, in order to reduce the deviation angle of rotation. Angle of the control panel 13 on a T-shaped groove in the sliding bolt 14 mounted on the T-shaped rear

Wheel hardness and hardness selection

Grinding wheel hardness hardness and choice reaction wheel abrasive grains hardness of the grinding force, the grinding wheel surface from the ease of shedding. Wheel hardness is hardness that  cut off disc is different from the hardness of the abrasive grinding wheel hardness. Wheel hardness should be noted that when used properly, if it is too hard dulls the abrasive untimely loss will generate a lot of heat to burn the workpiece; wheel is too soft, then make the grit off too fast and can not be fully effective.
The hardness of grinding wheel selection principle:
Work harder, softer wheel;
Contact surface of the grinding wheel and the workpiece larger wheel selection softer;
Grinding and profile grinding wheel should be  velcro disc selected hard to maintain the required shape precision grinding. Resin grinding wheel for use with Performance Wheel "> resin grinding wheel grinding wheel to lure large pores, clogging when the grinding wheel, so the grinding efficiency is high, it is widely used in soft metals and plastics cast iron, stainless steel, hard rubber, leather and other non-metallic materials grinding, when used with rapid cooling characteristics, especially suitable for thin workpieces and grinding due to thermal deformation of the workpiece, abrasive than the average high efficiency, but also can be produced according to user needs .
Resin grinding wheel pores present in the  nonwoven belt domestic production of grinding wheels up to 70% porosity, can replace imported products, especially for grinding plastics and rubber products, grinding heat faster, high precision grinding, grinding efficiency, and wear resistance are close to or over imported products water products.

grinding wheel Introduction and Features

resin wheel, made of resin grinding wheel, resin grinding wheel is characterized by high strength, can strengthen the wheel to add fiber mesh and steel, we are now the majority of resin grinding wheel is not grinding wheel manufacture  waterproof, do not use abrasive grinding fluid, Of course, some need to join the grinding fluid resin grinding wheel, grinding finish is beautiful, the workpiece can not easily be burned, and is currently used in the cutting disc wheel, etc., resin bonded grinding wheels and metal bond strength than vitrified low.
1) grinding of the resin itself has grinding wheel  a high hardness abrasive grains and heat resistance, high hardness can be processed so grinding materials such as hardened steel, carbide, etc..
2) resin grinding wheel and grinding characteristics determine the grinding process for a uniform system can trace cutting, general ap = 0.001 ~ 0.005mm; grinding speed is high, generally up to v = 30 ~ 50m / s; grinder stiffness; using hydraulic transmission, so grinding can be obtained economically with high precision (IT6 ~ IT5) and a small surface roughness (Ra = 0.8 ~ 0.2μm). Grinding is one of the main methods parts finishing.
3) As intense friction, leaving the grinding zone temperature is high. This will cause the workpiece to produce stress and deformation of the workpiece surface and even cause burns. Therefore, a lot of grinding coolant must be injected to reduce the grinding temperature. Also from the  cutting disc coolant and lubrication chip.
4) a large radial force when grinding. This will cause the machine - grinding wheel - workpiece system flexibility retreat, the actual depth of cut less than the nominal depth of cut. Therefore, the grinding will be completed when the light is not to be infeed grinding to remove the error.
5) After blunt abrasive, grinding force also increased, resulting in grain crushing or off, re-exposing the sharp edge, this feature is called "self-sharpening." The resin self-sharpening grinding wheel in a certain period of time to normal, but over a certain working time should be performed after manual trimming, grinding force increases so as to cause vibration, noise, and damage the workpiece surface quality.

abrasive characteristics analysis

ceramic corundum abrasive characteristics and applications
Ceramic corundum abrasives (also called microcrystalline corundum abrasive) is a new aluminum oxide abrasive, corundum abrasive roll  and corundum which maintains the high hardness and wear resistance properties, but also has high toughness, easy to change corundum broken disadvantage that has toughened alumina ceramic properties, which can be widely used in the manufacture of coated abrasives and abrasive.
Preparation of ceramic corundum abrasives shown in Figure 1. Compared with fused alumina abrasive difference lies in  abrasive wheel different materials and different preparation process. This method uses a water-alumina as raw material by the sol - gel process for the synthesis of submicron grain size (0.1μm ~ 0.2μm) of corundum crystals, and then prepared by sintering technology microcrystalline corundum ceramic structure. Compared with ordinary corundum abrasives, abrasive corundum ceramics not only high hardness and abrasive microcrystalline structure because it has a lot  cutting and grinding disc of crystal solution surface. In the grinding or dressing, finishing, normal fused alumina abrasive transgranular fracture along the grain surface, showing the macro broken; ceramic corundum abrasives rupture along the grain boundaries, showing microscopic crushing, continue to produce sharp cutting edges, good self-sharpening and less peeling. With its production of grinding wheels with anti-clogging, high wear resistance, grinding heat, long life, removal rate, grinding and grinding than the big advantages of good quality.

Resin abrasive mainly used in steel

Resin abrasive mainly used in steel, automobiles, bearings, railways, vehicles, shipbuilding, chemical, instrumentation, aerospace, building materials and other mechanical processing industries. Can be  abrasive manufacture used for processing various non-metallic materials and metal materials. Such as: wood, rubber, plastics, glass, ceramics, stone, copper, aluminum, cast iron, steel, etc., as well as cemented carbide, high speed steel, high vanadium steel, titanium steel, stainless steel and so on. In addition, food processing, medical and geological exploration and other fields have to be applied.
According to the processing and usage of different purposes, can be shortage of grinding, roughing, semi-fine grinding, fine grinding, fine grinding and precision low roughness grinding. Meanwhile, according to the processing of different objects, for cylindrical grinding, internal grinding, surface grinding, tool grinding, special grinding, welding and grinding, honing, super finishing, grinding and polishing.
1, coarse machining applications
Kibble is a lot of extra material in an efficient cutting as the main feature of the method of grinding. Snagging is widely used for processing many kinds of coarse commonly known.
Rough machining applications:
(1) resin grinding wheel and the abrasive paper sheet  shortage of high-speed heavy-duty resin grinding wheel, coarse annealed or annealed high-quality alloy steel or stainless steel billet Finishing. For surface appearance defects (weld cracks, oxide layer, etc.) grinding.
(2) grinding wheel with the casting resin shortage of gates, risers and billet seam for grinding and general Finishing.
(3) with a resin shortage grinding wheel for forging, forging gate renovated large burrs or burrs left to carry out a thorough sanding.
(4) during the welding operation, the remaining surface of the weld seam to be used on a flat seam and an inverted snagging grinding.
(5) of large plates cut into round air grinding disc  or other complex shapes, cutting the resulting slag grinding mill waste to be used in addition to the portable. Such as: large hot-rolled structural shapes and tubes cut crude legitimate work and so on.
Two, hand-held grinding applications
Grinding is grinding method handheld comprehensive summary. Their common feature is: whether it is supporting the workpiece or the workpiece grinding machinery in contact with the abrasive, guidance, and mobile have directly rely on manual.

cutting machine cut bricks

  Salt bath furnace heat treatment plant is now generally use the Quick Start new approach; electrode arrangement complicated than before. This is Andrew, furnace repair often encountered in abrasive tools  different shapes and sizes out cat refractory bricks used because the small number of furnace repair may well be the next to use another size, so you can not custom processing. Initially furnace repair, we use Fei child tick, hacksaw sawing, grinding wheel machining methods such as bricks, very cumbersome, resistance. Brick waste, without rules, affecting the quality stove. To this end, we have worked out in practical work using all the bricks cut down machine method, the flap wheel  test cut out bricks are the rules, in full compliance with size requirements, the yield of 100%. Use this method should pay attention to. (A) before cutting bricks, press size requirements in the brick on the dash, and then use the bricks central activity shovel mouth tight before cutting, sheet is not tight, easy to damage the cutting discs, an accident · (2) before cutting The bricks soaked in water for a little longer cut, otherwise, it will Sanding Sheets  generate a lot of powder, pollute the environment. Cutting machine cut bricks, the method is simple, saving time and labor, high yield, furnace repair units worth a try. Using cutting machine cut bricks salt bath furnace heat treatment plant is now generally use quick launch new methods, electrode arrangement complicated than before. Thus, furnace repair often encountered in different shapes and sizes of bricks required, due to the small number used in the next repair imitation may well be to use another size

Abrasive Waterjet Cutting Technology

Water jet technology is the rapid rise of nearly three decades of new technologies. It should recognize the cutting wheel  role originated in the water erosion tl], and then applied to the mining industry, with the promotion of the technology, it is recognized that increasing water pressure can significantly improve the mining results, so people began to study the high-pressure water jet technology. To the upper end of the 1970s, the emergence of a new water jet technology steering, ie steering jet pressure increased from a single study how to improve and play water jet power, began to  cutting disc appear abrasive jet, pulse jet (water cannons), high temperature jet and swing Zhen jet. Into the 1980s, the abrasive water jet cavitation jet, water jet and rotary gas jet further development of the high-pressure water jet technology to a new stage. High precision abrasive water jet can cut a variety of materials, and does not produce heat distortion, no residual thermal stress, has been in the industry application, it is with a laser beam, electron beam roloc disc  and plasma cutting, collectively known as the four high-tech modern industrial cutting . This century, has developed a 800 water jet cutting machine, it is not only more than one abrasive jet cutting machine structure is simple, and its cutting precision

grinding indefinite chill rolls five main features

Industrial production process to use grinding rollers are usually made of high nickel-chromium cast iron indefinite chill. In recent years, more and more manufacturers began using high-chrome cast iron grinding roller, grinding roller organizations such high carbon content, low coefficient of friction, high hardness, excellent wear resistance. But the influence of heat sensitive, easy to slip, but there is an accident Card steel deep cracks formed when hot. The finishing mill grinding roll relatively good working conditions, thermal and mechanical shock impact is small, the main consideration when you select the material wear resistance and zirconia flap disc  surface roughness capacity to ensure the quality of the steel surface. 5m heavy plate mill for roughing and finishing are the same grinding rollers to complete. After years of practice, taking into account other new varieties, such as the development of new high-speed steel grinding rollers and other factors such as expensive, 5m heavy plate mill work rolls made of high Ni-Cr infinite chilled cast iron grinding roll.
This multi-use vertical centrifugal grinding roll casting compound. Since the outer layer of nickel, chromium, molybdenum and Bonded abrasives  other alloying elements, pearlite transformation postponed, and thus cast state organization bainite + martensite + Carbide + movie Paralympic like graphite. After heat treatment, a small amount of tissue for the bainite + martensite + Carbide + movie Paralympic like graphite. Grinding roll heart tissue as bainite or pearlite and a small amount of flake graphite carbide (+ bull's-eye-shaped ferrite) + group spheroidal graphite.
Its main characteristics:
a, bainite matrix organizational control, high strength, good toughness.
b, is still the M3C carbide wear particle type, but (Fe. Cr) 3C-type increases, high hardness, good wear resistance.
c, the matrix structure a certain amount of graphite, thermal conductivity, high resistance to warm, self-lubricating graphite rolled surface quality can be guaranteed to prevent sticking roller.
d, the outer layer from outside to inside the non woven flap wheel  graphite content increased, the working memory in a certain layer hardness landing.
e, core part of gray cast iron, high toughness, or ductile iron, high strength. Based on the increasing trend of rolling force, the current high nickel chromium cast iron composite abrasive rolls heart department is mainly made of high strength ductile iron.

detailed description of the ceramic

Ceramic fiber tape, ceramic tape, ceramic fiber tape, ceramic fiber tape, can be used in a variety of thermal  abrasive sanding belt installations and heat conduction systems for Fire protection, thermal insulation and friction materials.
Thickness: 1.5,2,3,5,6 mm
Width :20 - 900mm(Nickel-chromium alloy wire reinforced, stainless steel wire reinforced, glass fiber reinforced) Ceramic fiber textiles and  portable belt textile asbestos, has the following advantages:
1) continuous use temperature up to 1000 ℃, short-term use temperature up to 1260 ℃.
2) has good resistance to acid corrosion resistant aluminum and zinc and other fans of the molten metal erosion.
3) good high temperature strength and  nonwoven belt thermal insulation properties (see the physical and chemical indicators).
4) E-glass fibers as reinforcement material ceramic fiber cloth, tape, packing and other products, with more than glass fiber
High-level and high-temperature electrical insulation electrical insulation.
5) non-toxic, harmless, odorless.

DC wheel motors

Magnetic rotary magnet DC spoke wheel motor as the motor vehicle component directly, without via a belt, chain gears, shafts and other transmission parts. It is constituted by a moving vehicle  abrasive paper sheet devices, simplified structure, high reliability, no transmission noise, high efficiency, no pollution, especially its good speed control performance, can be widely used on wheeled vehicles, this technology will be rare earth permanent magnet magnetic structure as the outer rotor rotates with the wheel width, while the inner stator commutation, it retains the Abrasive paper  conventional DC magnetic properties and their inherent starting torque, the advantages of mechanical properties of hard, but also because the core becomes a stator winding, overcome the moment of inertia, speed control braking transition process for a long time, energy consumption shortcomings. This structural change gained  ceramic belt stator windings fitted good manufacturability. While the conventional motor of the same outer diameter as compared gap extension radius, the torque increases, the operation efficiency is improved. 

abrasives industry market structure has been basically formed

Abrasives are abrasive and abrasive collectively, including abrasive products and abrasive products. Known industrial abrasive teeth reputation. It involves a range from aerospace to medical and health in almost all areas, so far not yet available alternative. Our abrasive market  abrasive sanding belt after nearly a decade of development, the market has been basically formed. China has become the largest producer of abrasive, but not power. As a rather special abrasive industry in energy saving abrasive smelting problems exist, the current domestic overcapacity exists corundum, with the national energy conservation policy, the policy focus will be eliminated next corundum industry backward production capacity.
Industry analysts believe that to maintain abrasive wheel  the abrasive industry healthy and orderly development, but also needs to address the following aspects: production capacity of decentralized, small-scale, low efficiency, the current size of the business of abrasive structure is still quite reasonable, industry concentration is low, small enterprises still account for a large proportion; new product development capacity is weak, the domestic abrasive products are mainly concentrated in the low-end market, low-tech products, and the lack of high-end technology products, mainly rely on imports, only to standard abrasives  meet automotive, aerospace, machine tools, bearings, locomotives, and shipbuilding industries needs about 1/3; overcapacity, low-grade product homogeneity serious, including alumina production is particularly prominent.

abrasive cleaning efficiency

Abrasive many varieties, are: steel grit, steel shot, quartz sand, corundum, copper ore, glass sand, walnut shells, aluminum balls, stainless steel balls. Should be based on different substrates and  grinding disc different requirements, select a different abrasives. In principle, the same material used abrasive substrate is the best way. Indeed in a certain pressure, the higher the hardness of the abrasive, cleaning efficiency is also higher; abrasive particles is small, the efficiency is relatively high. As pressure feed-blasting machine nozzle between 6 to 12 mm, therefore, the velcro disc  larger abrasive particles through the nozzle aperture out of the number of particles, the less the impact unit area of ​​the surface of the points is less, blasting efficiency is low. Conversely, the smaller abrasive particles through the nozzle aperture number of particles out of the more efficient the blasting. However, if the abrasive particle diameter is mini flap disc  less than 0.05 mm, like dust, impact kinetic energy of the workpiece surface is small, no power, efficiency will be not high.

The application heap abrasive belt

Accumulation of abrasive belt is particularly suitable for titanium, stainless steel, carbon steel castings, galvanized parts, hardware accessories such as surface grinding and polishing process, but also for heat-resistant steel, nickel-chromium alloys, low alloy  abrasive sanding belt steel workpiece, and metal tanks, pipes, hydraulic cylinders, medical equipment and other surface grinding and polishing, can dry grinding can also be wet.
1, brushed metal surface
Due to accumulation of abrasive belt grinding high consistency, it is particularly suitable for metal wire drawing industry, the traditional abrasive belt when drawing in the beginning, abrasive sharp sharp, brushed lined deep, but drawing pretty soon began changing abrasive blunt, pull-lined began to lighten as time goes on, more and lined shallow. This results in a problem that the belt is pulled out with a workpiece, the front and back of the product product, there will be significant differences in drawing lined affect the consistency of the workpiece surface. Currently, the abrasive paper sheet  accumulation in the surface drawing processing abrasive belt has a very wide range of applications, especially in the IT electronics industry, such as mobile phone case, camera case, laptop case and other products brushed surface, shown in Figure 9. In addition, metal furniture, appliance housings, plumbing equipment and other surface drawing, also used in the accumulation of abrasive belt.
2, hard grind metal grinding and polishing
Grinding hard metal material is sticky and hard metals, such as high temperature alloys, titanium, stainless steel, aluminum and so on. Such materials are widely used in various sectors of national production, such as the power industry turbine, turbine blades, pressure vessels, piping; aviation industry engine blades, aircraft frame; energy industry oil and gas pipelines; used in everyday life tools, sports equipment and so on. These products not only special materials, hard-surface complex machining and grinding, but also there is a high surface quality or precision requirements, the use of traditional grinding process, it is difficult to meet the processing requirements, and accumulation of abrasive belt can be a good solution this problem. Various types of surfaces such as graphics processing complex blades (water, turbine blades, aircraft engine blades, etc.), bulk abrasive belt not only has the softness of coated abrasives, efficient cold cutting, grinding higher surface quality characteristics, but also has The self-sharpening abrasive and sandpaper roll  longevity, thus ending the abrasive machining low efficiency, low accuracy problem, changing the traditional abrasive belt short life, and makes blade machining from the traditional hand-polished turned fully automated, high-efficiency, high precision, low labor intensity of CNC grinding.
 3, automobile weld grinding, cylinder, rod polishing
With the growing demand for automobiles, automobile industry continues to evolve, coated abrasives in the automotive machining increasingly prominent role, while the accumulation of abrasive belt applications, making this role and on a new level, with accumulation of abrasive grit sand tray in auto body weld grinding, abrasive sand tray than the traditional long service life 1-3 times, reducing the time to replace the sand tray, improve work efficiency, and the outer surface of the cylinder in a car engine connecting rod face machining, abrasive belt stacked higher than conventional abrasive belt machining accuracy and surface consistency.

On the accumulation of abrasive belt grinding

Accumulation of abrasive belt in recent years, the emergence of a new type of grinding tool with high grinding efficiency, grinding, stable performance, precision grinding and long service life, etc., so they can meet a variety of high-density material and metal alloy grinding and  abrasive cloth belt polishing, precision grinding is the tool of choice.
  Second, the accumulation of abrasive belt grinding characteristics
1, the special grain structure
Stacking abrasive belt from the exterior is constituted by a series of coarse grains, and virtually every large number of fine grains are made of alumina or silicon carbide abrasive material, the abrasive particles through high-strength adhesive firmly attached to the substrate, and the fine abrasive particles are randomly arranged, so that the whole process of grinding particles are worn little by little, a random residual sand off, exposing new abrasive continue to complete work, a multilayer improved abrasive grinding belt service life, this multi-level continuous grinding operation method  abrasive disc greatly superior to conventional electrostatic planting plant sand sand or gravity, etc., distributed on the abrasive surface of the substrate layer to form a unified arrangement of sand surface to to achieve the purpose of grinding.
 2, a new concept of self-sharpening
Stacking abrasive belt is composed of many fine powders accurate dimensions, by making bonded together to form a large need for abrasive particles, and then through the sand advanced electrostatic planting technology, the abrasive evenly "planted" in the specially treated substrate The refining of a high-strength belt, which can be like abrasive as in the grinding process blunt abrasive action of the centrifugal force continuously off, thereby exposing the new sand, which can stably be workers.
 3,1-3 times lifetime
Stacking the abrasive abrasive belt polymerization, so that the abrasive grinding unit area more participants, thus extending the service life. General stacked abrasive belt life is 1-3 times of ordinary belt. Belt long life, thus reducing the number of frequent replacement belt sander and adjustment, saving time, but also to avoid fluctuations in the quality of workpiece, improve processing efficiency and quality of the workpiece to ensure product quality stability, reliability.
4, good quality grinding
And accumulation of abrasive belt abrasive belt grinding effect comparison, we see that accumulation of abrasive products abrasive grinding surface roughness of the workpiece with the grinding time, after relatively stable. While ordinary abrasive products grinding the workpiece surface  sandpaper roll roughness of the front varied. This shows that the accumulation of abrasive belt, grinding surface effect is more stable, better consistency.
5, low grinding heat
Moment of grinding temperature and concentrated in the surface layer of a local area, the surface will cause local changes in microstructure, form grinding burn. Burn-in phenomenon will cause decreased mechanical properties of the surface, reducing the hardness of the workpiece and durability, reduce the life of the workpiece. Of abrasive belt, with the grinding time, the abrasive grains continue to be blunt, and can not self-sharpening, grinding and thus the state changes gradually sliding friction of the cutting condition, resulting in grinding zone temperature rise, resulting in surface burns ; The accumulation abrasive belt, abrasive due to the accumulation of multilayer effects in the grinding process will continue to fall off, exposing new sharp sand, so that the entire process is cutting the state, to avoid generating excessive surface grinding heat while shedding abrasive, but also take away a lot of grinding heat and chips, to ensure the quality of the workpiece surface.

Rolling Gate burglar shop there are various means, in accordance with the anti-theft ways of looking into

A, civil defense - it simply is responsible for security arrangements for people on duty;
b, anti-matter - is the physical security such as reinforced door, lock;
c, anti-technology - through technological means such as intrusion burglar alarm, etc.;
Some people can not help but ask how it did not mention monitoring class?
   Monitor settings into the thieves stealing was not deter or prevent action, property damage is the fact that  sanding paper roll investigative tools help solve the case, does not constitute "proof" category.
 single personnel on duty (civil defense) disadvantages:
One, night shift work is a dangerous occupation, but duty is itself a violation of the object is easy. Hurt when it is violated, they tend to bring a lot of trouble and loss of employer, subsequently, directly or indirectly affect the company's work.
2, from a physiological perspective, people aged 45 to 60 years and a variety of diseases burst period, once on duty work sudden illness, unexpected consequences, the loss caused to the employer immeasurable.
3, the personnel on duty incidental added some administrative costs, such as (water, electricity, gas) and so on.
4, if the employer checking on something ominous duty personnel selection, the relationship between the employer and the staff on duty handled properly, often is another hidden security risks. Because of their better understanding of the store interior was dismissed, such as generating revenge, which easily become the Pirates inside and outside the composition Pirates conditions.
5, the use of relatives and family members watch also has some disadvantages, such as limiting the freedom of the person, often leave, wage salaries, a long time easy to produce friction between human affection, but not worth the candle.
 alone entities (objects) to prevent the drawbacks:
    Anti-matter is physical security, protection from the goal to protect the physical facilities, such as doors, windows, cabinets, locks, etc., the main role is blocking and delaying criminals committing the crime.
1, in the left and right sides retrofit roller shutter padlocks, gates generally larger span, the middle still can pry into the V-shaped, still not achieve real security role, furthermore need to store someone;
2, in the middle of rolling gates erected a water pipe, Chazhu beam and bottom beam forming vertical jacking force, gates generally larger span, they withstood the middle of a point, from both sides  Bonded abrasives of the V-shaped pry can still enter, can also be pulled out or pushed inwards, still not achieve real security role, furthermore need to store someone;
3, in the middle of rolling gates go trough at 1 meter drill a hole in the evening to pull down the door into the screw holes, you can piece doors are relatively weak, a page, or go breaking trough will split, still will not achieve real security role, furthermore needed someone store;
4, in the roll out of both sides of the gate padlock installation, which is now more popular, but this is obviously told the thieves shop nobody on duty, leaving the thieves cut a bold head or pry open the tambour door unlocking;
5, remote control electric rolling gate is generally thought that the door down to pry open, in fact, forced to lift the door was lifted, or remote control is broken, how do? Master is so not lifted up, as well as remote string of code, the remote control is copied .......;
 alone anti-technology equipment to prevent disadvantages:
1, in the bottom roller shutter gate beam splitter installed dedicated volume, when the door was forced open 50 to 70mm, immediately start the alarm chirping, this volume gate separators are used reed works, the magnetic field close to the dry reed pipe is closed, separate separation activate the alarm on, roll gate gap is generally larger, wind or promotion will generate an alarm, but also easily lead to false positives, false positives and more to simply turn off the no longer used, furthermore also thieves stick with a magnetic separator, can also render ineffective, still not achieve real security role.
2, in the shop, the installation of infrared sensor, when the door was forced open the thieves entered the shop, immediately start the alarm chirping, infrared detectors can now encounter rats, cats, gecko or sometimes light alarm, but also is the chance of false positives will be greater, but the thieves forced open the door into the store is the fact that at this time the police, called empty-handed unlikely thieves, only to cowardly thieves get out of Bale.
3, some use breaking dial alarm, but it is also inseparable from the above mentioned two kinds of accessories as a  PSA sanding disc trigger alarm controller, the same drawbacks, in addition, even if the true received alarm call, rushed to the scene also in things not help it.
4, as well as and local alarm center network, so that the shop was forced open or entering the store when an alarm is triggered, the alarm center telephone call, the center received a report sent to the scene to view the recording, you can even arrived on the scene also takes time, etc. Arrival is to not be helped.

ceramic watch with what benefits

"High-tech ceramics (HIGH-TECH CERAMICS)" and "Space Materials"
The so-called space materials, mainly refers to the U.S. space shuttle tiles used above, the ability of thousands of degrees of heat, which material
Ceramics are also estimated the nature and watch the same ceramic material. American "Columbia" space shuttle, it
Because in the takeoff, smashed tiles on Sanding Sheets  the left wing damage when returning the shuttle could not resist and large
Gas heat generated by friction, leading to the disintegration of the air crash.
Ceramic Ye Hao, high-tech ceramics worth mentioning, first of all this material is relatively modern, well, that is, the surface is very smooth, especially
Resistant, stable physical properties, acid and alkali, corrosion resistance, no color bleaching, the quality is very light, and pollution-free. It is not
Hurt the skin, while the stainless steel case  cutting and grinding disc strap inside a nickel metal, nickel on human skin is not good, many people will allergies.
Tech ceramics manufacturing process, is a very fine zirconia powder, the powder at high pressure into the mold after the one C
Thousand degree high temperature sintering furnace to form ceramic parts easy to wear, then polished with diamond powder before made. Accordingly,
It is also regarded as powder metallurgy.
Weight of the watch, has also been a problem of annoying. If the case has a relatively large diameter and the  abrasive cloth belt thickness of the watch, and then
Coupled with solid stainless steel strap, it almost have a weight of 150 grams, compared with a fall in the hands of true wrist.
Tech ceramics seem even lighter than titanium material, though it is relatively thick strap, however, are used in plastic strap inside the
Support, (except precision ceramic paragraph) is this strap when removing the strap section is too much trouble spot.
Tech ceramics can also be made into a variety of colors, more common in black, silver, gold, blue, white and other color
Color. Among them, the most black, called "black pottery."

PCB manufacturing process used in the polishing brush roller can be divided

into two categories according to the functions, namely abrasive brush roller and cleaning brush roller, brush roller accounted for the vast majority of the grinding, cleaning brush roller cleaning or only in the final product after grinding Finally cleaning used, the  Abrasive paper number is relatively small, so collectively referred to as grinding brush roller.
Abrasive brush roll by the use of materials are divided into: nylon brush roller pin, non-woven and ceramic brush roller brush roll three categories, they use their own characteristics.
Nylon brush roller pin PCB manufacturing industry as an early adopter of the brush roller, has a long history. Press the manufacturing process is divided into different strip winding, weaving style, slotting embedded, embedded and sheet hole implantable five kinds. The company produces nylon brush uses a steel needle winding, weaving style and hole embedded three kinds of manufacturing processes. These three processes to ensure nylon filament yarn needle density can be controlled needle nylon filament uniformity, thus sandpaper  fully meet the different needs of various customers.
Nylon brush needle roller of the abrasive filament nylon needle is divided into different carbide (SIC) abrasive type, aluminum oxide (AO) and pure Nylon abrasive type, whether or aluminum carbide Gui (AO) abrasive particle size distribution are both: 60 #, 80 #, 100 #, 120 #, 150 #, 180 #, 240 #, 320 #, 400 #, 500 #, 600 #, 800 #, 1000 #, 1200 #, 1500 #.
The nylon brush roller pin characterized by long life, grinding effect is moderate, especially for line / space (L / S) ≥ 200um (= 8mil), copper foil thickness "= 35um under the surface of the PCB manufacturing process treatment. PCB manufacturing industry in the early plays an important role. But with the recent PCB users of line / space (L / S) and more sophisticated requirements, unique nylon brush needle scratches more serious impact on the lines which can easily result in a larger filaments bridge, broken lines and other defects on the apparent out.
Contain abrasive nylon brush roller pin as pure volcanic ash or pumice brush roller paint roller, brush filaments of nylon needle selection and equipment improvements, completely for finer line as 75um-150um (3-6mil) width of the PCB grinding.
Non-woven brush roll is optional PCB manufacturing late for a class brush roller, according to the manufacturing process is divided into different radial (Flap type), round sheet (Disk type) and overall sponge (Sponge type) categories. GSH brand non-woven brush roll is used in the first two production structure, ie, radial (Flap type) and pellet (Disk type), due to material, density and mix of different treatment processes, and therefore can meet the different needs of various customers.
Non-woven non-woven brush roll press is divided into different abrasive-containing silicon carbide (SIC) category abrasive, aluminum oxide (AO) and pure non-woven abrasive class category. Whether silicon carbide (SIC) or aluminum oxide (AO) are abrasive particle size distribution is: 60 #, 80 #, 100 #, 120 #, 150 #, 180 #, 240 #, 320 #, 400 #, 500 # , 600 #, 800 #, 1000 #, 1200 #, 1500 #.
Non-woven abrasive brush roll characterized fine, handling uniform surface finish roughness, which can significantly improve the green light sensitive film and the film adhesion, especially for line / space (L / S) ≤ 100um (= 4mil ), ≤ 35um copper foil thickness of the PCB manufacturing. After the drilling burr (burr) removal, photosensitive membrane pre-treatment and green oil (oxidation) pre-processing areas of its superior performance. Especially green oil (oxidation) pre-treatment process, it has proven to be introduced to improve the yield or reduce short circuit and electrical testing NG10% -15% more, on this point remains to be concerned about the problem the cut off wheel  industry friends to go further authentication.
Non-woven brush roll drawback is that life is short, so grinding costs are high, but if calculated to improve product yield this point, I believe the industry friends will own conclusions!
PCB manufacturing ceramic brush roller into something more recent years, it is particularly suitable for ink removal plug hole and after PTH treatment, but because the cost is too high coupled with the recent non-woven brush roll has developed a similar function brush roller: If Dedicated remove plug hole ink brush roller and brush roller after PTH treatment. The market share of the ceramic brush roller brush roll to be the kind of cost will be further reduced after further expansion.

More than kinds of wear-resistant material wear resistance

Wear is a very complex process, the wear and wear characteristics of the abrasive nature of the process, the material properties and the interaction itself, and other factors related to system characteristics, only the specified only when certain operating conditions for a flap wheel  variety of wear-resistant material abrasion resistance for comparison. In this paper, the above understanding of the material abrasion departure, chose the most commonly used in industrial production of high chromium cast iron wear-resistant material; own research our group wear new high vanadium alloy; and very representative bainitic Wear steel three series of 7 different typical wear-resistant material, the abrasive quartz sand and cement clinker, 2kg/cm ~ 2,5 kg / cm ~ 2,10 kg / cm ~ 2, three different impact loads the three series of different anti-wear material impact abrasive wear characteristics were studied in  mini flap disc order for these wear-resistant material for comprehensive evaluation of anti-wear performance. Research was supported by the following main conclusions: The experimental results show that the microstructure observation and analysis, high-vanadium alloy series carbide sample microstructure of the matrix organizational fragmentation smallest, high chrome cast iron, followed by metallographic specimens bainitic steel series organization does not have the hard phase. Experimental results show that the mechanical properties, due to the high vanadium alloy series sample macro highest hardness, impact toughness with the second, so the wear resistance of the material with the most favorable. Experimental results show that the impact abrasive wear, abrasives and different impact on different loads, three series of high wear-resistant material vanadium alloy series the best wear resistance, high chrome cast iron, followed by the worst series bainitic abrasive tools  steels. Among them, high chromium cast iron series, low load, Cr2 best abrasion resistance; higher loads, Cr3 abrasion advantage. High vanadium alloy series, V1 best abrasion resistance. Bainitic steel series, B1 best abrasion resistance. Moreover, the abrasion resistance of Cr3 as 1:00, Cr1, Cr2 relative abrasion resistance are increased with decreasing the impact load of the trend; the abrasion resistance as 1:00 V2, V1 with the relative abrasion resistance impact load increases gradually decreased; when the abrasion resistance as 1:00 B2, B1 relative abrasion resistance with increasing load on a downward trend. Further analysis of the experimental results obtained: Experiment two kinds of abrasives, high-vanadium alloys and high chromium cast iron two series with a lower impact on the occasion better show its excellent abrasion resistance. With quartz sand as abrasive when compared to the abrasive cement clinker, the high-vanadium alloy series and high chromium cast iron series bainitic steel series on the relative abrasion resistance increases. Paper also compares the sample is not the same abrasive wear weight loss and relative abrasion resistance, so as to arrive: abrasives softer, high aggregate I hunger and high chromium cast iron two series of samples allowed to play a more abrasion points; same load different! worship half inch a company who l a Lee, J Kang mill grinding material losses vary _L _ credits completed if the small mountain with abrasive not!, J nature of the decision. Finally, in the paper, through wear and tear on the sample I observe and analyze the SEM images, the remainder of the sample wells with a combination of different red! _ Weaving analysis, discusses the theoretical BU experimental working conditions I \ 'wear different series published cow " l (l wear mechanism spoon Keywords: wear _l_ conditions microstructure mechanical properties of abrasion wear machine-Wei

abrasive belt

Accumulation of abrasive belt is particularly suitable for titanium, stainless steel, carbon steel castings, galvanized parts, hardware accessories such as surface grinding and polishing  process, but also for heat-resistant steel, nickel-chromium alloys, low alloy steel workpiece, and  abrasive flap disc metal tanks, pipes, hydraulic cylinders, medical equipment and other surface grinding and polishing, can dry grinding can also be wet.
1, brushed metal surface
Due to accumulation of abrasive belt grinding high consistency, it is particularly suitable for metal wire drawing industry, the traditional abrasive belt when drawing in the beginning, abrasive sharp sharp, brushed lined deep, but drawing pretty soon began changing abrasive blunt, pull-lined began to lighten as time goes on, more and lined shallow. This results in a problem that the belt is pulled out with a workpiece, the front and back of the product product, there will be significant differences in drawing lined affect the consistency of the workpiece surface. Currently, the accumulation in the surface drawing processing abrasive belt has a very wide range of applications, especially in the IT electronics industry, such as mobile phone case, camera case, laptop case and other products brushed surface, shown in Figure 9. In addition, metal furniture, appliance housings, plumbing equipment and other surface drawing, also used in the accumulation of abrasive belt.
2, hard grind metal grinding and polishing
Grinding hard metal material is sticky and  standard abrasives hard metals, such as high temperature alloys, titanium, stainless steel, aluminum and so on. Such materials are widely used in various sectors of national production, such as the power industry turbine, turbine blades, pressure vessels, piping; aviation industry engine blades, aircraft frame; energy industry oil and gas pipelines; used in everyday life tools, sports equipment and so on. These products not only special materials, hard-surface complex machining and grinding, but also there is a high surface quality or precision requirements, the use of traditional grinding process, it is difficult to meet the processing requirements, and accumulation of abrasive belt can be a good solution this problem. Various types of surfaces such as graphics processing complex blades (water, turbine blades, aircraft engine blades, etc.), bulk abrasive belt not only has the softness of coated abrasives, efficient cold cutting, grinding higher surface quality characteristics, but also has The self-sharpening abrasive and longevity, thus ending the abrasive machining low efficiency, low accuracy problem, changing the traditional abrasive belt short life, and makes blade machining from the traditional hand-polished turned fully automated, high-efficiency, high precision, low labor intensity of CNC grinding.
 3, automobile weld grinding, cylinder, rod polishing
With the growing demand for automobiles, automobile industry continues to evolve, coated abrasives in the automotive machining mini flap disc  increasingly prominent role, while the accumulation of abrasive belt applications, making this role and on a new level, with accumulation of abrasive grit sand tray in auto body weld grinding, abrasive sand tray than the traditional long service life 1-3 times, reducing the time to replace the sand tray, improve work efficiency, and the outer surface of the cylinder in a car engine connecting rod face machining, abrasive belt stacked higher than conventional abrasive belt machining accuracy and surface consistency.

Where in the abrasive products

 mainly divided abrasive corundum and silicon carbide abrasive two categories, specifically, there are basically the following:
1, corundum abrasive, the main component of Al2O3, with medium hardness, toughness, particle Fengrui, relatively   abrasive manufacture inexpensive, suitable for machining high tensile strength of the metal. Microcrystalline corundum abrasives and black corundum abrasives are its derived varieties.
2, white fused alumina abrasive, slightly higher than the hardness of corundum, but poor toughness, easy to cut into the workpiece during grinding, good self-sharpening, less heat, grinding ability, high efficiency. Chromium corundum abrasive is its derived varieties.
3, single crystal corundum abrasive material particles are composed of a single crystal, and has a good polygonal cutting edge, high  abrasive wheel  hardness and toughness, grinding ability, less grinding heat, the disadvantage is the high cost of production, yield lower, so the price is relatively high. Corundum abrasives are also crystalline compound, slightly lower hardness, crystal size is fine, good wear resistance.
4, black silicon carbide abrasive, green silicon  PSA sanding disc carbide abrasive, abrasive cubic silicon carbide, silicon carbide abrasive cerium, etc., are silicon carbide abrasive, the main ingredient is silicon carbide SiC, high hardness, brittleness, sharp abrasive grains, good thermal conductivity, strong wear resistance, more suitable for processing hard and brittle metallic and non-metallic products.

abrasives industry market structure

Abrasives are abrasive and abrasive collectively, including abrasive products and abrasive products. Known industrial abrasive teeth reputation. It involves a range from aerospace to medical and health in almost all areas, so far not yet available alternative. Our abrasive market after flap wheel  nearly a decade of development, the market has been basically formed. China has become the largest producer of abrasive, but not power. As a rather  special abrasive industry in energy saving abrasive smelting problems exist, the current domestic overcapacity exists corundum, with the national energy conservation policy, the policy focus will be eliminated next corundum industry backward production capacity.
 Industry analysts believe that to maintain the abrasive industry healthy and orderly development, but also needs to address the following aspects: production capacity of decentralized, small-scale, low  sanding paper roll efficiency, the current size of the business of abrasive structure is still quite reasonable, industry concentration is low, small enterprises still account for a large proportion; new product development capacity is weak, the domestic abrasive products are mainly concentrated in the low-end market, low-tech products, and the lack of high-end technology products, mainly rely on imports, only to meet automotive, aerospace, machine tools, bearings, locomotives, and shipbuilding industries needs about 1/3; overcapacity, low-grade product homogeneity serious, including alumina production is particularly prominent.
"2011 ~ 2015 China abrasives market research report" shows, "Twelve Five Year Plan" beginning to abrasive industry development has brought great opportunities and challenges. Energy saving, clean  Sanding Sheets production will show in the abrasive industry production areas, in addition, the state machinery, shipbuilding, automobiles, airplanes and other areas of policy will also abrasive production and development has brought great impact . Abrasive enterprises should technological innovation and new product development direction to seek a breakthrough, the development of high-end abrasive products and reduce dependence on imports. Next five years, the development of abrasives industry keynote will also be the keynote of the entire national economic policies.

abrasives industry market structure

Abrasives are abrasive and abrasive collectively, including abrasive products and abrasive products. Known industrial abrasive teeth reputation. It involves a range from aerospace to medical and health in almost all areas, so far not yet available alternative. Our abrasive market after nearly a decade of development, the market has been basically formed. China has become the largest producer of abrasive, but not power. As a rather  mini flap disc special abrasive industry in energy saving abrasive smelting problems exist, the current domestic overcapacity exists corundum, with the national energy conservation policy, the policy focus will be eliminated next corundum industry backward production capacity.
 Industry analysts believe that to maintain the abrasive industry healthy and orderly development, but also needs to address the following aspects: production capacity of decentralized, small-scale, low efficiency, the current size of the business of abrasive structure is still quite reasonable, industry concentration is low, small enterprises still account for a large proportion; new product development capacity is weak, the  cutting and grinding disc domestic abrasive products are mainly concentrated in the low-end market, low-tech products, and the lack of high-end technology products, mainly rely on imports, only to meet automotive, aerospace, machine tools, bearings, locomotives, and shipbuilding industries needs about 1/3; overcapacity, low-grade product homogeneity serious, including alumina production is particularly prominent.
"2011 ~ 2015 China abrasives market research report" shows, "Twelve Five Year Plan" beginning to abrasive industry cut off wheel  development has brought great opportunities and challenges. Energy saving, clean production will show in the abrasive industry production areas, in addition, the state machinery, shipbuilding, automobiles, airplanes and other areas of policy will also abrasive production and development has brought great impact . Abrasive enterprises should technological innovation and new product development direction to seek a breakthrough, the development of high-end abrasive products and reduce dependence on imports. Next five years, the development of abrasives industry keynote will also be the keynote of the entire national economic policies.

abrasives industry market structure has been basically formed

Abrasives are abrasive and abrasive collectively, including abrasive products and abrasive products. Known industrial abrasive teeth reputation. It involves a range from aerospace to medica nonwoven belt l and health in almost all areas, so far not yet available alternative. Our abrasive market after nearly a decade of development, the market has been basically formed. China has become the largest producer of abrasive, but not power. As a rather special abrasive industry in energy saving abrasive smelting problems exist, the current domestic overcapacity exists corundum, with the national energy conservation policy, the policy focus will be eliminated next corundum industry backward production capacity.
 Industry analysts believe that to maintain the abrasive industry healthy and orderly development, but Mounted flap wheel  also needs to address the following aspects: production capacity of decentralized, small-scale, low efficiency, the current size of the business of abrasive structure is still quite reasonable, industry concentration is low, small enterprises still account for a large proportion; new product development capacity is weak, the domestic abrasive products are mainly concentrated in the low-end market, low-tech products, and the lack of high-end technology products, mainly rely on imports, only to meet automotive, aerospace, machine tools, bearings, locomotives, and shipbuilding industries needs about 1/3; overcapacity, low-grade product homogeneity serious, including alumina production is particularly prominent.
 China abrasives market research report "shows," Twelve Five Year Plan "beginning to abrasive industry development has  portable belt brought great opportunities and challenges. Energy saving, clean production will show in the abrasive industry production areas, in addition, the state machinery, shipbuilding, automobiles, airplanes and other areas of policy will also abrasive production and development has brought great impact . Abrasive enterprises should technological innovation and new product development direction to seek a breakthrough, the development of high-end abrasive products and reduce dependence on imports. Next five years, the development of abrasives industry keynote will also be the keynote of the entire national economic policies.

abrasive hardness _ size _ Strength

Abrasive particle size refers to the size of the abrasive particle. Abrasive particle size according to the size of its divided abrasive, grinding, powder and superfine four groups. Among them, these grinding wheel china  two sets of abrasive grits and flour particle size numbers with each English
Inch mesh sieve length number that is marked by the number of numbers in the upper right corner of granularity the "#" symbol. For example 240 #, is the length of every inch of screen holes 240, the value of size number greater, indicating that
The finer grits. The  Abrasive paper two sets of abrasive powder and superfine grain size numbers is to represent the actual size of the particles, and its logo is the particle size numbers preceded by a letter "W". Sometimes it can be converted into the sieve
Number. For example W20, is the actual size of the abrasive particles between 20μm ~ 14μm, which number is 500, and mesh #. In a variety of abrasive particle size and there were coarse, medium and fine particles of different. Abrasive powder in capsules is the basic size, abrasive grinding capacity is to determine the main factors in the Lido large proportion of the composition. Practice has proved
Description: After centrifugal separation after grinding abrasive powder their ability to score before the election by 20%. In fine abrasive grinding plays the role of a small particle size in addition to the adverse external grinding workpiece quality, but also reduce the grinding efficiency, should
Grain size to minimize their number. Therefore, the grinding efficiency and the quality, the abrasive particles  cut off wheel are uniformly required. Particle size # 12 # 80 grit group, larger particle size, does not apply to research and
Grinding abrasive.
Abrasive hardness
The hardness of the abrasive surface of the abrasive refers to the ability to resist local external action, and abrasive (such as stone) is the hardness of the abrasive binder in the solid level of the external force, which is one of the basic characteristics of the abrasive. Is the use of abrasive grinding and machining of the workpiece is ground to achieve the hardness difference, the higher the hardness of the abrasive, the stronger its cutting ability.
Abrasive strength
Refers to the strength of the abrasive abrasive firm level itself. That is, when still quite sharp abrasive blade, can withstand external pressure without the ability to be broken. Abrasive intensity difference, it is fast abrasive grinding, cutting capacity, short life. This requires in addition to high hardness abrasive grains, but also has sufficient strength, in order for better grinding.